7 Key Insights into Realism in International Relations

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Deciphering Realism in International Relations

With a landscape as intricate and diverse as international relations, various ideologies and theories shape its discourse. Among these, realism stands out as a significant theory, known for highlighting the contentious and competitive aspects of international politics. This piece aims to unravel the complexities of realism by providing detailed examples of its role in international relations.

Demystifying Realism

The concept of realism in international relations essentially perceives the international system as anarchic. Characterized by power politics, nations are driven primarily by self-interest. Realism proposes that the main players in global politics are sovereign states, which act based on their national interests.

A Look Back at Realism’s History

The origins of realism can be traced back to ancient political philosophers like Thucydides and Machiavelli. However, it was only in the 20th century, amidst the chaos of World Wars, that realism emerged as a leading theoretical framework in international relations.

Fundamental Principles of Realism

Realism is rooted in several critical principles, such as state sovereignty, national interest, and balance of power. These principles provide a perspective for examining various events in international relations.

State Sovereignty and National Interest under Realism

In an anarchic world, as per realists, states are the supreme actors. The concept of state sovereignty means that each state has exclusive control over its territory and internal affairs. An apt example is the United States’ emphasis on its sovereignty during the 20th-century Cold War period.

The principle of national interest implies that states will invariably act to protect their interests. A case demonstrating this principle is Russia’s annexation of Crimea in 2014, where it prioritized its geopolitical interests over international law.

The Concept of Balance of Power

The balance of power is another crucial aspect of realism. This principle suggests that states constantly work towards preventing any single state from gaining excessive power. The formation of NATO during the Cold War serves as a classic example where Western countries aimed to counterbalance the Soviet Union’s power.

The Relevance of Realism in Modern International Relations

Realism continues to be a dominant theory in modern international relations. Its principles are evident in various geopolitical situations, such as China’s assertiveness in the South China Sea or North Korea’s nuclear ambitions.

China’s Assertiveness in the South China Sea

China’s activities in the South China Sea are reflective of the principles of realism. By creating artificial islands and military outposts, China has shown its pursuit of national interests and power, overlooking potential opposition from other nations.

North Korea’s Nuclear Ambitions

Despite facing global condemnation, North Korea’s quest for nuclear weapons highlights its commitment to national security, a core component of realism. The nation sees nuclear armament as a necessary measure to protect its sovereignty against potential threats.

Final Thoughts

Realism serves as an insightful framework for comprehending the complexities of international relations. From ancient political philosophy to current geopolitical events, the principles of state sovereignty, national interest, and balance of power under realism have been consistently demonstrated. While it does not provide a complete explanation of international politics, realism offers valuable insights into the motivations and actions of states on the global stage.